ภาษาอังกฤษ : English

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A Coronavirus Corpus-driven Study on the Uses of If- Conditionals in the Pandemic Period
Montkhongtham, Napanant (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2021)
The COVID-19 pandemic, has greatly affected the lives of everyone. One major concern during this period has been that of communication including content dealing with possibilities and ideology concerning freedom. This study aims to analyze the application of if-conditionals expressing options and possibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic using data in the Coronavirus Corpus developed in May 2020 by Mark Davies. The extracted if-conditionals were divided in accordance with Puente-Castelo’s (2017) framework of if-typology, and grammatical aspects of all the verb strings were also analyzed in terms of tense and aspect, sentential modality, and voice. It was discovered that speech act conditionals—relevance conditionals—were most commonly applied to provide specific suggestions to deal with the pandemic. The second and third-ranked choices, scoperestricting conditionals and hypothesizing conditionals helped to specify scopes and definitions and to emphasize possibilities and predictions or statistical estimates based on evidence, respectively. The grammatical aspects also corresponded to the COVID situation and helped to convey messages in accordance with the if-conditional functions. The results suggest that the if-construction provides communicative functions fitting various contexts relating to the pandemic. It can facilitate interpersonal communication, allow message receivers freedom to evaluate the proposed option, and provide some safety for the speaker in their choice of phrasing since COVID-19-related circumstances are uncertain. The information can be useful for those seeking linguistic tools for effective communication and for instructors developing material for English for specific purposes.
A Corpus-Based Analysis of BE + Being + Adjective in English from the Appraisal Framework Perspective
Kheovichai, Baramee; Lertcharnrit, Thanik (Silpakorn University Research, Innovation and Creativity Administration Office, 2017)
This paper investigates the phraseological pattern BE + being + adjective. Specifically, it looks at the types of adjective meanings that can occur in this pattern, using Martin & White’s (2005) appraisal framework as the classification scheme, the grammatical subjects, tenses and engagement resources co-occurring with this phraseological pattern. The interplay of these linguistic features is investigated to shed light on the meaning and functions of the phraseological pattern. Data was drawn from the British National Corpus. The results indicate that there are 1,218 instances of this phraseological pattern in the corpus. The type of adjectives that occur in this pattern with the highest frequency is Judgment. Third person subjects, the present tense and Monogloss have the highest frequency in comparison with other categories of grammatical subject, tense and engagement resource, respectively. A closer look at the interrelation between different linguistic features leads to further findings and complex picture of how clusters of linguistic features can influence the meaning and function of this phraseological pattern.
A corpus-based analysis of English synonyms : acquire and obtain
Sittironnarit, Sita; Khunasathitchai, Kongkiat; Kosashunhanan, Krishna; Kumdee, Soranut; ดร.ธีร์ดนัย กัปโก (ศูนย์พัฒนาการเรียนรู้สมัยใหม่, 2022)
Due to their similar meaning, L2 English language learners may struggle with the use of near synonyms. Corpus-based studies on English synonyms have been conducted over the last two decades to solve this issue. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, the distinction between the synonymous verbs acquire and obtain has not yet been examined. This study, thus, examines these two verbs in terms of genres and collocations using the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The findings indicate that they appear to have a high degree of formality and are prevalent in written rather than spoken genres. In general, obtain is more common than acquire. In terms of collocation, they may be distinguished by their specific noun collocates. Even though they share some noun collocates, they cannot be used interchangeably in all situations. Semantic preference and semantic prosody and pedagogical implications are also discussed.
A Corpus-based Comparative Study of Lexical Bundles in Authentic and Textbook English Business Emails
Siricharoen, Aroonrung; Wijitsopon, Raksangob (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2020)
This study investigates lexical bundle types found in authentic English business emails and sample emails in business English textbooks in order to identify their similarities and differences. The data employed in the study were sample emails from 77 business English textbooks and emails sourced from the Enron Corporation, representing authentic English business emails. The structural and functional categorizations of lexical bundles from Biber et al. (2004) and Biber (2006) were used as frameworks for the analysis. Findings show that structural categories of lexical bundles in textbooks and those in authentic emails are generally similar while functional categories are noticeably different. Although there are more lexical bundle types in the textbook email corpus, most of them actually belong to the same categories, pointing to a limited range of functional categories of lexical bundles presented in business English textbooks. This leads to a major observation that forms of expressions tend to outweigh their functions in the way textbooks present emails for pedagogical purposes. It is therefore suggested that the functional dimension of linguistic expressions be given more attention in business English teaching.
A Corpus-Based Investigation of English Synonyms: Disadvantage, Downside, and Drawback
Sumonsriworakun, Piyaboot (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2022)
The study compares three synonymous nouns, disadvantage, downside, and drawback, in terms of their frequency, distribution patterns, and collocations, using data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The findings show that the frequency of disadvantage is the highest, followed by that of downside and drawback, respectively. Regarding their distribution across eight registers in COCA, disadvantage prevails in academic texts, whereas downside and drawback seem to be less formal as they are most often found in magazines. An analysis of semantic preferences of the verb collocates of the three synonyms revealed two common themes: CONSIDER and DEAL WITH. As for their adjective collocates, the three synonyms frequently co-occur with adjectives under the theme EXTENT. Disadvantage is more often preceded by adjectives subscribed to the theme ASPECT than drawback is, and while downside regularly combines with some adjectives representing counter-expectations, drawback tends to be accompanied by more adjective collocates organized into the theme PROMINENCE than the other two synonyms. It is advisable that English language teachers utilize these valuable insights to develop lessons and materials.
A Corpus-Based Study of English Synonyms: Appropriate, Proper, and Suitable
Petcharat, Natthapon; Phoocharoensil, Supakorn (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2017)
This study investigates three English synonyms, i.e. appropriate, proper, and suitable, concentrating on meanings, degrees of formality, collocations, and grammatical patterns. The sources of data used in this study are 1) three dictionaries, i.e. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 6th edition (2014), Longman Advanced American Dictionary 3rd edition (2013), and Macmillan Collocations Dictionary (2010), and 2) the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). It was discovered that the three synonyms share the same core meaning, but still differ in terms of detailed meanings, degrees of formality, collocations, and grammatical patterns. For this reason, the three words cannot be used interchangeable in all contexts. In addition, it was found that the corpus provides some additional data which is non-existent in the three dictionaries.
A Corpus-Based Study of English Synonyms: Chance and Opportunity
Jarunwaraphan, Boonrak; Mallikamas, Prima (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2020)
The study aims to investigate differences and similarities of two synonymous nouns, chance and opportunity. The sources of data were from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and online dictionaries. The study applied both quantitative and qualitative methodology. Throughout the five text types of COCA (i.e. spoken, fiction, popular magazines, newspapers, and academic journals), opportunity was used most frequently in academic texts and was found least often in fiction. On the other hand, chance occurred least in the genre of academic texts and most often in the spoken genre. The claim that opportunity tends to be used more often in formal style than its near synonym was supported by a number of academic words in the list of its collocates. Although a wider range of meanings of chance reflects its polysemous status, chance and its collocates have fewer semantic preferences than those of opportunity. The findings also suggest that near-synonyms may behave differently in terms of collocation and semantic prosody although they share similar meanings.
A Corpus-based Study of Linking Adverbials in Written American English
Pipatanusorn, Lilit; Wijitsopon, Raksangob (Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 2019)
In this study, we investigate uses of linking adverbials in present-day written American English, in response to an observation from a previous study that occurrences of linking adverbials may vary according to varieties of English. The American English 2006 corpus (Potts & Baker, 2012) was utilized for the purpose of the study. Distribution patterns of linking adverbials were examined in the light of their categories and text genres, namely general prose, academic prose, fiction, and media texts. The results showed that among the four text genres, linking adverbials occur most frequently in academic prose and least frequently in fiction and media texts. The distribution patterns of linking adverbials by category revealed that the additive group occurs most frequently across the board while the sequential group the least. These overall findings correspond to previous studies of linking adverbials in other varieties of English, thereby suggesting that uses of linking adverbials are associated with text genres and categories, rather than with varieties. However, it is also found that such major distribution tendencies are not shared by a large number of linking adverbials in each group. This suggests that individual LAs have their idiosyncratic usage patterns, and these are associated with their frequencies in each genre. Analysis of some individual LAs revealed that there are other contextual factors, apart from text genres, including textual positions and co-occurrence patterns, which deserve attention in future research on linking adverbials.
A Corpus-based Study of Thai and English Quantity Word Equivalents: 'Lǎay', 'Several' and 'Many'
Wijitsopon, Raksangob (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2021)
The present study investigates the Thai quantifier ‘lǎay’ (หลาย) and its two major English lexical equivalents: ‘several’ and ‘many’, using data from an English-Thai parallel corpus, the Thai and British National Corpora. An examination of the parallel corpus reveals that the quantifier ‘lǎay’ has a broad semantic property as it can express meanings related to small, medium and large quantities or just the plurality of entities. This provides support to an observation that the word can pose problems for Thai EFL learners, translators and interpreters when expressing the concept of ‘lǎay’ in English. Based on the parallel corpus, two English quantity words that denote different scales of quantity, ‘many’ and ‘several’, were found to be among the most common lexical equivalents of ‘lǎay’. Further comparative investigation was conducted on the Thai and British National Corpora. It is found that ‘lǎay’ and its two common equivalents have overlapping and different co-occurrence patterns, illustrating their lexical equivalent status and distinct usage profiles at the same time. Differences between the two English equivalents were then focused on so that empirical evidence of usage patterns of the two most common English lexical equivalents of ‘lǎay’ can be obtained. Findings from the study provide an insight into phraseological patterns and pragmatic-discourse functions associated with the English equivalents, which Thai speakers of English can make use of as a possible framework for their decision making when translating ‘lǎay’ into English.
A Corpus-based Study of the Near-synonyms: Purpose, Goal and Objective
Lertcharoenwanich, Pallapa; Phoocharoensil, Supakorn (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2022)
Synonyms can be problematic for EFL learners since each synonym has distinct meanings to be used in different context. The purposes of this corpus-based study are to investigate distinctions of the synonymous nouns purpose, goal and objective based on the distribution across genres in which the degree of formality is determined and to examine their verb and adjective collocates in relation to semantic preference. The three target synonyms were analyzed by using data drawn from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The results from the frequency of distribution across genres suggests that the three target synonyms most frequently occur in formal contexts, e.g., academic texts, and they tend to have similar occurrences across genres. In terms of the common verb and adjective collocates, the top-thirty verb and adjective collocates of the target synonyms with the highest frequency and the significant MI score level of ≥ 3 were presented and the collocates with similar meanings were categorized into themes based on their semantic preference. It was found that the three synonymous nouns are near-synonyms with the more closely related status of objective and goal because they share more overlapping semantically-related themes and collocations. However, these synonyms also co-occur with particular verbs or adjectives. This differentiation of collocational patterns of the near-synonyms indicates that they cannot be substitutable in all contexts and the precise usage of each synonym should be taken into consideration.
A Corpus-based Study of the Vocabulary Profile of High School English Textbooks in China
Yu, Min; Renandya, Willy A. (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2021)
The study investigates the vocabulary profile of a set of English textbooks New Senior English for China, which is widely used for senior secondary education in China. It examines how the words required by the 2017 National English Curriculum Standard for General Senior Secondary Education in China are covered, repeated and distributed in the textbooks. The results show that the textbooks cover only about 80% of the lemmas required by the 2017 English Curriculum Standard. Among the lemmas covered in the textbooks, half of them are repeated less than five times in the textbooks. Most of the lemmas which recur more than five times in the textbooks have dispersion values above 0.5. Lemmas with dispersion values below 0.1 are mainly composed of theme-based words. Although the study indicates that some words are distributed favorably, the textbooks fail to provide sufficient coverage and repetition of the words required by the 2017 English Curriculum Standard. Therefore, extra exposure and repetition of these words are required for optimal learning.
A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of Spoken Discourse Markers by Thai EFL Learners
Pan, Zhaoyi; Aroonmanakun, Wirote (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2022)
This research investigated the use of English spoken discourse markers by Thai EFL learners in English conversation compared to native English speakers from two perspectives: frequency and pragmatic function. A total of 60 learners were involved in the research: 30 Thai B1-level learners and 30 Thai C1-level EFL learners. Spoken data was collected and transcribed into written form to build a learner corpus for analysis. The data analysis indicated underuse by Thai EFL learners of four spoken discourse markers – so, well, you know and I think. Moreover, Thai EFL learners we shown to use each spoken discourse marker differently in comparison to native English speakers. On the whole, interpersonal functions were less frequently a factor than textual functions, indicating a larger deficiency in performing interpersonal functions by Thai EFL learners. These results lead to the conclusion that Thai EFL learners lack pragmatic competence in oral communication in terms of performance (usage instance) discrepancy regarding spoken discourse markers compared to native English speakers.
A Corpus-driven Cross-disciplinary Study of Inclusive and Exclusive We in Research Article Abstracts
Doğan-Uçar, Asiye; Akbasb, Erdem (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2022)
With its distinct characteristics, the research article (hereafter RA) abstract has been a major area of interest within the field of metadiscourse. Investigating authorial presence displayed in RA abstracts can play an important role in illuminating the nature of the interaction among the writer, the text, and the reader. This study aimed to shed light on the disciplinary variation on how much, and for what purposes, authorial presence is shown in RA abstracts through the use of the first-person plural pronoun we as an engagement marker (the inclusive form) and a self-mention device (the exclusive form) using a corpus of RA abstracts in the fields of Bioengineering and Software Engineering (hard sciences), and Psychology and Sociology (soft sciences). The inclusive we was found to be very rare, therefore, the majority of the analysis focused on the exclusive we. The results indicated a considerable variation across the sampled disciplines and a general tendency to use self-mention when explaining purposes, procedures, and results, but not when introducing and concluding, or elaborating arguments. The findings of this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the disciplinary variation in the use and communicative functions of we, which could enhance academic writing practices.
Analysis of English Texts in Public Relation Media of Thai Cultural Tourism
Supatranont, Pisamai; Phuridecha, Wannithita (Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 2015)
The present study was aimed at analyzing English texts in Public Relation Media of Thai Cultural Tourism in order to compile 3 sets of high-frequency wordlists: proper nouns, technical terms, and collocations. In the study, a corpus of “Cultural Tourism English” was compiled from 105 articles concerning cultural tourist attractions in the north of Thailand. The corpus consists of 225,479 running words and the program, WordSmith Tools, was used to analyse Tourism English in the corpus. In the analysis, sets of keywords were used to analyze and identify the popular names of cultural tourist attractions, technical terms and collocations which were frequently found in the corpus. It was found that to call the names of places and objects, like temples, pagodas, palaces and Buddha images, transliterated names were used more often. In contrast, English common nouns were mostly used for general description and for calling shrines, monuments, statues, sculptures and festivals. Regarding technical terms and collocations, a lot of general words were considered as technical terms when co-occurred with particular words. The results of the study were planned for designing a glossary handbook for local people to give details of cultural tourist attractions in English to foreign tourists. A lesson would also be designed for supplementary an ESP course for training students to use a glossary handbook for taking a local cultural trip with foreigners.
Application of Swalesian Genre Analysis to Academic Writing Pedagogy: A Corpus Perspective
Flowerdew, Lynne (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2022)
This short article reviews key corpus-based pedagogic initiatives in the spirit of the Swalesian tradition of genre analysis. Pedagogic genres covered include report writing, thesis writing, writing a grant proposal and legal essay writing. More recently, attention has been paid to the writing of research articles by postgraduate students for whom published articles are becoming a prerequisite for a PhD to be awarded. These pedagogic endeavours invariably commence from a top-down perspective. Genre moves are first identified followed by more bottom-up corpus searches for the identification of prototypical lexico-grammatical patterning for specific move structures. In a few cases, relevant sub-sections of freely available corpora, such as the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP), are used. However, most pedagogic initiatives make use of self-compiled specialised corpora to meet the needs of students from a specific discipline. Genre-based research findings can also usefully inform classroom-based corpus activities.
Applying Lexical Profiling to Construct Technical Word Lists for Thai Tourist Guides
Laosrirattanachai, Piyanuch; Laosrirattanachai, Piyapong (Research Department, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute, 2021)
When learning high- and mid-frequency words, approximately 5,000 words might be inadequate for learners to survive in a career as a tourist guide. This paper aims to construct technical word lists for Thai tourist guides to serve as supplementary learning materials. Different word lists need different criteria for their construction. Three main methods are used to construct word lists: lexical profiling, eliminating off-list words, and expert verification. The self-compiled corpus comprising 653,196 tokens gathered from www.tourismthailand.org is used to construct six subword lists including the technical word list for Thai tourist guides containing 391 words and the technical word lists for northern, central, eastern, northeastern, and southern Thai tourist guides composing of 245, 264, 138, 187, and 176 words, respectively. The authors suggest using the word lists after mastering 2,000 high-frequency words, 570 academic words, and 378 tourism business words to prepare learners for their future career paths.
Basic Physical Education and Sport Science English Word List for Physical Education Students
Kongcharoen, Pong-ampai (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2018)
This study is a corpus-driven study that aims to explore the use of words in Coxhead’s Academic Word List (AWL) and West’s General Service List (GSL) and also non- GSL and non- AWL in journal articles in the field of physical education and sport science. A 1.1 million-word corpus called the Physical Education and Sport Science Research Articles Corpus is created for this study. The corpus consists of 280 research articles that have been published in seven international journals in the field of physical education and sport science. The result suggests that both GSL and AWL can help students focus on the right vocabulary when learning Technical English. The corpus helps students to directly focus on the words that they will see the most in the text they have to study. Moreover field specific word list is conducted in this research. Field specific word lists can help students learn necessary words which are also important for their field of study.
Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis to Investigate Lexico-grammatical Patterns and the Underlying Communicative Functions
Kitjaroenpaiboon, Woravit; Khamsakul, Benjamas; Fahkrajang, Samniang; Mumdaeng, Sutan; Fongsarun, Prissana; Ploylermsaeng, Wilasinee; Tiyapongprapbhan, Witchaya (Research and Development institute, Suan Dusit University, 2022)
Douglas Biber is a veteran in corpus linguistics which is a field of linguistics studying natural written or spoken languages to better understand how the language is used and now is attracting numerous linguists’ interests. One salient contribution of corpus linguistics for present linguistic studies is that it helps reveal lexico-grammatical patterns (or grammatical collocations) naturally used in the language together with their underlying communicative functions. Biber is said to be a pioneerin this field of study and to have employed a statistical approach (Multidimensional Analysis: MA) to investigate lexico-grammatical collocations in his corpus of written and spoken discourses. This paper thus elaborates to what extent Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysishas contributed to studies in the field. After reviewing literatures related to the topic, the writers of this paper found that numerous scholars have agreed that Biber’s Corpus-based Multidimensional Analysis is relatively good forstudying lexico-grammatical patterns and their communicative functions and can further be applied for other studies particularly in the corpus linguistics field.
Clustering Keywords to Identify Concepts in Texts: An Analysis of Research Articles in Applied Linguistics
Pojanapunya, Punjaporn (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2016)
Keyword analysis is one of the most widely used methods in corpus linguistics. The method is used to generate keywords which provide an indication of concepts in texts or a corpus. Keyword analysis tools commonly produce resulting keywords presented as a list which rather poorly indicates what the corpus is about since it typically requires analysts’ knowledge on conceptual associations between keywords. Therefore, common follow-up methods of keyword analysis are to examine concordances, collocational patterns, and some other patterns of associations between keywords and contexts. This study focuses on the association within a group of keywords by constructing a representation of a keyword list as keyword clusters. The keywords for an analysis were generated from two corpora; the target corpus was collected from research articles in applied linguistics and the comparative corpus was a collection of research in pure and applied sciences. The relationship between the top 30 keywords was identifed using mutual information scores of all possible pairs of the keywords within a span of 20 and these scores were used as input for creating keyword clusters. The representations of the 30 keywords as a list and clusters are presented and discussed.
Collocation and Discursive Construction of Covid-19 in WHO Director General’s Discourse: A Corpus-based Study
Kheovichai, Baramee (Language Institute, Thammasat University, 2022)
This research investigated the discursive construction of Covid-19 in WHO director general’s discourse through the lens of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis. 255 speeches of the WHO director general were collected, forming a 234,149-words corpus. Collocations of ‘Covid-19’ were generated and analyzed in terms of the semantic categories and the representation of Covid-19. The results indicated that Covid-19 was discursively represented as posing severe multifaceted threats to the world. Furthermore, the discursive construction of Covid-19 was found to promote the image of WHO as an active and ethical organization. Thus, discourse was used not only for informational purposes, but it was also manipulated for self-promotion and legitimation.

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