Publication: 汉泰多音节并列式词语的结构形式对比研究
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2021
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中国语言文化学刊
Journal of Chinese Language and Culture, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University
วารสารวิชาการภาษาและวัฒนธรรมจีน มหาวิทยาลัยหัวเฉียวเฉลิมพระเกียรติ
Journal of Chinese Language and Culture, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University
วารสารวิชาการภาษาและวัฒนธรรมจีน มหาวิทยาลัยหัวเฉียวเฉลิมพระเกียรติ
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8
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1
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261
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278
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汉泰多音节并列式词语的结构形式对比研究
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A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE FORM AND STRUCTURE OF CHINESE AND THAI MULTI – SYLLABLE COORDINATE COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
并列式构词法在汉语和泰语中都是重要的构词手段。而汉语和泰语并列式词语的概念范畴却有所不同。从构成成分之间的关联类型来看，汉语和泰语并列式词语均是由两个或两个以上意义相同、相近、相关或相反的语素并列组合成词，都有同义并列、类义并列和反义并列三种关系类型。除此之外，泰语并列式词语的概念范畴中还包括 “语音关联并列式词语”，即由两个或两个以上在语音上具有声韵和谐关系的音节并列组合成词。其并列式词语的两个成分在语义上没有关联，而主要在语音上具有声韵和谐的关系。 本文对《汉语考试词典》 和《泰语国家语料库词频表》中多音节并列式词语进行统计并考察发现，汉语和泰语均是四音节为主，而泰语中还发现了三音节和五音节（单数音节）的并列式词语。汉语四音节并列式词语主要包括 “复叠并列型 （CACB/ACBC）” “交叉并列型（A1A2B1B2）”和“双词并列型 ([A1B1][A2B2]）”三种结构类型，其中“交叉并列式” 比重最高；泰语四音节并列式词语主要包括 “复叠并列型（CACB）” “语音关联复叠并列型（CACB）” “双词并列型 ([A][B])”“语音语义关联双词并列型 ([A1B1][A2B2])” “双词复叠并列型 ([CA][CB])”和“纯语音关联并列型 (ABCD）”共六种结构类型，其中“语音关联复叠并列型” 比重最高。由此可见，泰语并列式词语较侧重声韵和谐，而汉民族 “均衡对称”的审美意趣在构造四音节并列式词语时起到一定的作用。
Coordinate word formation is an important word formation method in both Chinese and Thai. However, the conceptual categories of coordinate compounds in Chinese and Thai are different. From the perspective of the types of associations between the constituent components, Chinese and Thai coordinate words are composed of two or more morphemes with the same, similar, related or opposite meanings. And there are three types of coordinate compounds, including consonance, divergence and classification. In addition, the conceptual category of Thai coordinated words also includes "phonetic related coordinated compounds", that is, a word composed of two or more syllables that have a harmonious relationship between phonetics and rhyme. The two components of the coordinate words are not semantically related, and the two components mainly have a harmonious relationship in phonetics. In this paper, we count and investigate the multi-syllable coordinate compounds in the "Chinese Test Dictionary" and "Thai National Corpus Word Frequency Table". It is found that both Chinese and Thai have mainly four syllables, and in Thai were also found singular three-syllable and five-syllable coordinate words. Chinese four-syllable coordinate compounds mainly include three structural types: "Cascade Coordinates (CACB/ACBC)", "Cross Coordinates (A1A2B1B2)" and "Two-word Coordinates ([A1B1][A2B2])", of which "Cross Coordinates" has the highest proportion. Thai four-syllable coordinate compounds mainly include six structural types: "Cascade Coordinates (CACB)", "Phonetic Related Cascade Coordinates (CACB)", "Two-word Coordinates ([A][B])", and "Phonetic Semantically Related Two-word Coordinates ([A1B1][A2B2]), "Two-word Cascade Coordinates ([CA][CB])" and "Purely Phonetic Related Coordinates (ABCD)", among which the “Phonetic Related Cascade Coordinates” has the highest proportion. It can be seen from the number of syllables and structure types that Thai coordinate compounds are more focused on phonological harmony, while the aesthetic interest of "balanced symmetry" of the Chinese plays a certain role in the construction of four-syllable coordinate compounds.
Coordinate word formation is an important word formation method in both Chinese and Thai. However, the conceptual categories of coordinate compounds in Chinese and Thai are different. From the perspective of the types of associations between the constituent components, Chinese and Thai coordinate words are composed of two or more morphemes with the same, similar, related or opposite meanings. And there are three types of coordinate compounds, including consonance, divergence and classification. In addition, the conceptual category of Thai coordinated words also includes "phonetic related coordinated compounds", that is, a word composed of two or more syllables that have a harmonious relationship between phonetics and rhyme. The two components of the coordinate words are not semantically related, and the two components mainly have a harmonious relationship in phonetics. In this paper, we count and investigate the multi-syllable coordinate compounds in the "Chinese Test Dictionary" and "Thai National Corpus Word Frequency Table". It is found that both Chinese and Thai have mainly four syllables, and in Thai were also found singular three-syllable and five-syllable coordinate words. Chinese four-syllable coordinate compounds mainly include three structural types: "Cascade Coordinates (CACB/ACBC)", "Cross Coordinates (A1A2B1B2)" and "Two-word Coordinates ([A1B1][A2B2])", of which "Cross Coordinates" has the highest proportion. Thai four-syllable coordinate compounds mainly include six structural types: "Cascade Coordinates (CACB)", "Phonetic Related Cascade Coordinates (CACB)", "Two-word Coordinates ([A][B])", and "Phonetic Semantically Related Two-word Coordinates ([A1B1][A2B2]), "Two-word Cascade Coordinates ([CA][CB])" and "Purely Phonetic Related Coordinates (ABCD)", among which the “Phonetic Related Cascade Coordinates” has the highest proportion. It can be seen from the number of syllables and structure types that Thai coordinate compounds are more focused on phonological harmony, while the aesthetic interest of "balanced symmetry" of the Chinese plays a certain role in the construction of four-syllable coordinate compounds.