Publication: 现代汉语时态范畴研究综述
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2019
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cn
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汉学研究
Journal of Sinology
วารสารจีนวิทยา
Journal of Sinology
วารสารจีนวิทยา
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13
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262
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287
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现代汉语时态范畴研究综述
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An Overview of Researches in Mandarin Chinese Aspect
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Abstract
本文目标为概括现代汉语时态范畴的研究发展过程，并根据各个学者对时态范畴所提出的观念进行总结，之后试图提出现代汉语时态范畴的归类方法。汉语时态范畴研究阶段大概分成两个大阶段：1924-1980 年为研究初探阶段，1981 至今为研究发展阶段。根据学者的研究，本文将时态定义为表示事件、动作或状态进展地步的一种语法范畴。时态范畴由动词的语义特征与体标记结合起来展现不同的过程阶段，因此，考察研究时态应当分成两个部分：词汇意义，是谓语动词所展现的时问意义；语法标记，是以各种不同的标记表示动作或事件的进行阶段。迄今为止，汉语学界的学者对现代汉语时态范畴的标准存在着不一致的看法。本文在各个学者的研究基础上试图提出现代汉语时态范畴的归类方法，即：根据 Carlota S. Smith (1997) 的观点把现代汉语时态范畴的词汇手段分为五类：状态、活动、结束、达成及一次性情状：在张志公(1982) 的基础上把现代汉语时态范畴的语法手段总结为四种现象：普通时态、己开始已完成时态、己开始末完成时态及末开始末完成时态。因此，研究学习汉语的时态应当考虑动词本身内涵的时问意义，同时也要考虑向中所表达时间的各个标记，这样才能更明确地表情达意。本文希望能为汉语时态范畴的研究或汉语时态范畴的教学上提供一些有益的参考。
The objective of this research was summarizing the development of Mandarin Chinese Aspect research and attempting to propose Mandarin Chinese Aspect classifying method. The Chinese Aspect development research can be roughly divided into 2 periods: the exploration period of Chinese Aspect study, 1924-1980; and the development period of Mandarin Chinese Aspect, 1981-current. According to mentioned scholars' research, we can determine our definition on Chinese Aspect as the various way of observing state and flow of event or action on the time line. Simply said, how the event or action changes. Chinese Aspect is the combination between lexical aspect or verb and grammatical aspect or aspect marker which shows different process of action. Thus, Study of Chinese Aspect should consider 2 factors: lexical aspect, relying on Carlota S. Smith (1997) aspectual concept, we divided verbs into five groups: state, activity, accomplishment, achievement and semelfactive; the second factor is grammatical aspect, according to basic aspectual concept of Zhang Zhigong (1982), we grouped aspect markers into four categories: neutral state, start-to-finish state, start-to-non-finish state and non-start-to-non-finish state. Because classification of lexical aspect determines the usage of grammatical aspect, so study of combination between lexical aspect and grammatical aspect are necessary.
The objective of this research was summarizing the development of Mandarin Chinese Aspect research and attempting to propose Mandarin Chinese Aspect classifying method. The Chinese Aspect development research can be roughly divided into 2 periods: the exploration period of Chinese Aspect study, 1924-1980; and the development period of Mandarin Chinese Aspect, 1981-current. According to mentioned scholars' research, we can determine our definition on Chinese Aspect as the various way of observing state and flow of event or action on the time line. Simply said, how the event or action changes. Chinese Aspect is the combination between lexical aspect or verb and grammatical aspect or aspect marker which shows different process of action. Thus, Study of Chinese Aspect should consider 2 factors: lexical aspect, relying on Carlota S. Smith (1997) aspectual concept, we divided verbs into five groups: state, activity, accomplishment, achievement and semelfactive; the second factor is grammatical aspect, according to basic aspectual concept of Zhang Zhigong (1982), we grouped aspect markers into four categories: neutral state, start-to-finish state, start-to-non-finish state and non-start-to-non-finish state. Because classification of lexical aspect determines the usage of grammatical aspect, so study of combination between lexical aspect and grammatical aspect are necessary.