Publication: A critical study of John Hick's Religious Pluralism & Threefold Typology
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2020
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A critical study of John Hick's Religious Pluralism & Threefold Typology
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This research critically investigates the soteriological grounds of John Hick’s Threefold Typology and his understanding of Religious Pluralism within the framework. It begins by considering the criticisms of Gavin D’Costa who, in his early work, favored Hick’s Typology in ‘theology of religions,’ but later became critical of it in his work, “Impossibility of a Pluralist view of Religions.” The research also considers Paul Knitter’s alternative Fourfold Typology introduced in his work, Introducing Theologies of Religions, and Mark Heim’s ideas concerning religious pluralism in his work, Salvation. Hick’s Threefold Typology has attracted much criticism, and yet the alternative typology such as Twofold Typology and Fourfold Typology also have their problems. In the field of Christology, it is certainly difficult to reach agreement. Perry Schmidt-Leukel presents an insightful reaffirmation of Threefold Typology by responding to eight different categories of criticisms to defend Hick’s tri-polar typology
however, Schmidt-Leukel’s idea still falters on the soteriological grounds. And this is a proof of the problems. Besides, conflicting truth-claims of religions cannot be solved because each religion has its own truth-claims insisting on particular miracles and testimonies. Hence, Hick’s attempt to promote his Religious Pluralism in Threefold Typology seems to reach an impasse. The research offers a new framework of Threefold Typology, not built on soteriological grounds, but on transformational grounds, in order to fulfill Hick’s own wishes for promoting peace both spiritually and socially. This is a new framework which can embrace the beliefs of not only Religious Pluralists, but also Exclusivists and Inclusivists who comprise the majority of Christians in the world today.
however, Schmidt-Leukel’s idea still falters on the soteriological grounds. And this is a proof of the problems. Besides, conflicting truth-claims of religions cannot be solved because each religion has its own truth-claims insisting on particular miracles and testimonies. Hence, Hick’s attempt to promote his Religious Pluralism in Threefold Typology seems to reach an impasse. The research offers a new framework of Threefold Typology, not built on soteriological grounds, but on transformational grounds, in order to fulfill Hick’s own wishes for promoting peace both spiritually and socially. This is a new framework which can embrace the beliefs of not only Religious Pluralists, but also Exclusivists and Inclusivists who comprise the majority of Christians in the world today.
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ปรัชญาดุษฎีบัณฑิต
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ปริญญาเอก
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บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย
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มหาวิทยาลัยอัสสัมชัญ