Publication: การศึกษาเรื่องอวทาน-ปัลปลตาของเกษเมนทระ : ความสัมพันธ์ของเรื่องสุธน-กินรีกับวรรณคดีไทย
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2007
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การศึกษาเรื่องอวทาน-ปัลปลตาของเกษเมนทระ : ความสัมพันธ์ของเรื่องสุธน-กินรีกับวรรณคดีไทย
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A study of the Kesemdra's Avadana-Kapalata L its relation of Sudhana-Kinnari to Thai literature
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Abstract
This dissertation aims to study the outstanding Ksemendra’s Avadana-Kalpalata in its distinguished characteristics in comparison with other jataka and avadana, and to analyze Sudhanakinnaryavadana and other Sanskrit Sudhana-Kinnari versions comparing with Thai versions to find out their relation and kavya transformation methods. The data consists of Ksemendra’s Avadana-Kalpalata and three Sanskrit versions of Sudhana-Kinnari namely Kinnarijataka, Sudhana-Kinnari in Bhaisajyavastu, Sudhanakumaravadana and three Thai versions of Sudhana-Kinnari namely Sudhanajataka, Botlakornkrangkrungkaoreungnang-Manohara, Phra-Sudhanakamchan. Narrative analysis and Propp’s Structure of Folktale theory are used as the method to analyze the characteristics of jataka and avadana, Ksemendra’s Avadana-Kalpalata, and all versions of Sudhana-Kinnari. The analysis reveals that three main characteristics of Ksemendra’s Avadana-Kalpalata are distinguished from other jataka and avadana. These are narrative strategies, plot and themes. Five narrative strategies are used in Ksemendra’s work. These are the event omission; witness-narrator; the learner center; human Buddha; and the Bhiksu’s conclusion. The first four strategies distinguish from other jataka at the present part (Paccuppanavatthu) and the last one distinguishes from other avadana at the connexion part (Samodhana). Regarding to the characteristics of plot, the analysis shows that five types of the plot of jataka are selected namely those relating to five Perfections (Paramita). These are giving (Dana), morality (Wila), forbearance (Ksanti), effort (Virya), and meditation (Dhyana). The type mostly selected is giving which probably due to Ksemendra’s view that it is a proper practices for Kawmira people. On the other hand, Ksemendra retains the plot similar to other avadana but he explicitly intensifies the faith for the Lord Buddha, one of Visnu’s incarnation, and his respectful deeds. The analysis also shows that different to other jataka and avadana the karma in Ksemendra’s Avadana-Kalpalata is highly presented as the extremely profound, so-called the Dependent Origination (Paticcasamuppada). The study on the relation of various versions of Sanskrit and Thai Sudhana-Kinnari shows that their motifs and the transformation to kavya are coincided. Most of the motifs of Thai Sudhanajataka are related to Bhaisajyavastu and Sudhanakumaravadana but some are related to those of Kinnarijataka and Ksemendra’s Sudhanakinnaryavadana.The kavya Sudhanakinnaryavadana of Ksemendra is transformed from the Sanskrit versions religious folktale of the same story. Likewise, Phra-Sudhanakamchan from Sudhanajataka follows the same pattern.
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ศิลปศาสตรดุษฎีบัณฑิต
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ปริญญาเอก
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ศูนย์สันสกฤตศึกษา
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มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร