Publication: นิวรณ์กับกระบวนการบรรลุธรรมในพุทธปรัชญาเถรวาท
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2018
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นิวรณ์กับกระบวนการบรรลุธรรมในพุทธปรัชญาเถรวาท
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Hindrances and Enlightenment Process in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy
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Abstract
The objectives of this thesis are: 1) to study the concept of the hindrance in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy, 2) to study enlightenment process in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy, and 3) to analyze the hindrance and enlightenment process in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy. The thesis is a qualitative study by focusing on documents analysis of the Tripitaka texts and the commentary that related to the field of the study. The results of the study were shown as follows: 1) The hindrances in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy are mental factors to bare the mind from goodness, concentration, wisdom, and Nibbana. They are sensual desire (Kamachanda), ill-will (Byapada), sloth and torpor (Thina-middha), flurry and worry (Uddhacca kukkucca), doubt
uncertainty (Vicikiccha). 2) The enlightenment process in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy is each step of practice leading to the attainment of wisdom and salvation. The process of practice consists of associating with worthy men, listening to a sermon, having faith in Buddhism, having proper attention, having mindfulness and awareness, having senserestraint in bodily action, verbal action and mental action, cultivating four foundations of mindfulness and seven enlightenment factors until the attainment of wisdom and salvation to become Stream enterer, Once-returner, Non-returner, and The Worthy One respectively. 3) The Analysis of hindrance and enlightenment process in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy can be concluded that it helps explain each step in realization and eradication of each hindrance. Sensual desire is a greed-defilement, and the Worthy One can eradicate it completely, but Once-returner can only eradicate the rough sensual desire. Ill-will is a hatred-defilement, and Non-returner can completely eradicate it, but Once-returner can eradicate the rough ill-will. Sloth and torpor is a delusion-defilement, and the Worthy One can eradicate it completely, but Oncereturner can eradicate rough sloth and torpor. Flurry and worry is a greed-defilement and a hatred-defilement, and the Worthy One can completely eradicate it, but Oncereturner can eradicate only the rough flurry and worry. Uncertainty is a delusiondefilement, and Stream-enterer can completely eradicate it.
uncertainty (Vicikiccha). 2) The enlightenment process in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy is each step of practice leading to the attainment of wisdom and salvation. The process of practice consists of associating with worthy men, listening to a sermon, having faith in Buddhism, having proper attention, having mindfulness and awareness, having senserestraint in bodily action, verbal action and mental action, cultivating four foundations of mindfulness and seven enlightenment factors until the attainment of wisdom and salvation to become Stream enterer, Once-returner, Non-returner, and The Worthy One respectively. 3) The Analysis of hindrance and enlightenment process in Theravāda Buddhist philosophy can be concluded that it helps explain each step in realization and eradication of each hindrance. Sensual desire is a greed-defilement, and the Worthy One can eradicate it completely, but Once-returner can only eradicate the rough sensual desire. Ill-will is a hatred-defilement, and Non-returner can completely eradicate it, but Once-returner can eradicate the rough ill-will. Sloth and torpor is a delusion-defilement, and the Worthy One can eradicate it completely, but Oncereturner can eradicate rough sloth and torpor. Flurry and worry is a greed-defilement and a hatred-defilement, and the Worthy One can completely eradicate it, but Oncereturner can eradicate only the rough flurry and worry. Uncertainty is a delusiondefilement, and Stream-enterer can completely eradicate it.
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ศาสนศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต
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ปริญญาโท
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บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย
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มหาวิทยาลัยมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย