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āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ™āļīāļžāļ™āļ˜āđŒāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ: āļˆāļēāļāļĒāļļāļ„āļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļĒāļļāļ„āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄ

āļŠāļīāļĢāļīāļ‰āļąāļ•āļĢ āļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ, āļ—āļ§āļĩāļĻāļąāļāļ”āļīāđŒ āđ€āļœāļ·āļ­āļāļŠāļĄ, Sirichat Rakkan, Davisakd Puaksom (2015)

The historiographies has the important role in the politics of the Philippines from the colonial period to the present day. It was the main instrument for manufacturing the legitimacy of the Spain’s, America’s, and Japanese’s occupation... and their colonial rule. Likewise, it was a major machine in creating a collective self-consciousness of the nationalist movement against the colonial powers during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Currently in the post-colonial period, the project

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āļ—āļąāļ“āļ‘āļ™āļīāļ„āļĄ: āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļēāļŠāļ—āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļēāļĐāļŽāļĢ

āļĻāļĢāļąāļāļāļđ āđ€āļ—āļžāļŠāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒ, Sarunyou Thepsongkraow, āļžāļīāļ™āļąāļĒ āļŠāļīāļĢāļīāđ€āļāļĩāļĒāļĢāļ•āļīāļāļļāļĨ, Pinai Sirikiatikul (2020)

The paper aims to study the history of modern penal colonies in Thailand during the 1930s–1950s by exploring concept, establishment and development of penal colonies. The study found that modern penal colonies were the result of efforts to penal... reform after the Siamese Revolution 1932 under the concept of inmates rehabilitation for good citizenship which led to the establishment of Penal Colonies in Yala and Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Penal practice in penal colonies focused on economic

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āļāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŪāļēāļ™āļ­āļĒ āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļāļĢāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļŠ āļ„.āļĻ. 1897-1907

āļĄāļīāļ•āļ• āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļœāļļāļ”, āļŠāļĢāļžāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļŠāļ§āļ™āļ„āļļāļ“āļēāļāļĢ, āļŠāļļāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļ‡āļĻāđŒ āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļžāļđāļ™, āļŠāļēāļāļŠāļąāļĒ āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ, Chanchai Khongphianthum (2017)

of the French colonial capital? In what sense is defined the modernization of Hanoi? What are the forces profondes of the urbanization? In comparison to contemporary capitals in the World, what are any significant differences...? The problematic of the paper is: what are the characteristics of the early urbanization of Hanoi during 1897-1907? And what are the reasons behind this? This paper aims to explore the early urbanization of Hanoi as French colonial capital

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āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ : āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāļģāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī

āļŠāļīāļĢāļīāļ‰āļąāļ•āļĢ āļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ, Sirichat Rakkan (2016)

āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāļģāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāļāļąāļšāļ­āļļāļ”āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļ­āļšāļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāđāļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđƒāļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ āļˆāļķāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđāļēāļ„āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļšāļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļ™āļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āđāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āđƒāļ™āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļ”āļ—āļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāđāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ§āļĨāļŠāļ™āļŸāļĩāđˆāļĨāļĩāļ›āļĩāđ‚āļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ† āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ‡āļģāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāđāļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āļŦāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļˆāļķāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāļ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļīāđ‚āļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāđāļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļēāļ­āļĩāļāļŠāļļāļ”āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āļ­āļšāđ‚āļ•āđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāđ‚āļ•āđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāđāļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ§āļ‡āļŦāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļˆāļģāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđƒāļ™āļ§āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ™āļīāļžāļ™āļ˜āđŒāļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒāļ­āļĩāļāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ

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āļĢāļ°āļšāļ­āļšāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļ‡āļāļĪāļĐāđƒāļ™āļžāļĄāđˆāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđāļŦāļĨāļĄāļĄāļĨāļēāļĒāļđāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ“āļ‘āļĨāļžāļēāļĒāļąāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļ„.āļĻ. 1894-1933

āļŠāļąāļĒāļ§āļąāļ’āļ™āđŒ āļ›āļ°āļŠāļļāļ™āļ°, Chaiwut Pasuna (2021)

This thesis studies the processes of British colonial administration in Southeast Asia, specifically in Burma and Malay Peninsular, as a model for administrative of the Siamese government in the Monthon Payap during 1894-1933, and the learning... and the adoption process of the British colonial regime in Burma and Malay Peninsular for the administration to Monthon Payap. The study shows the confrontation with British colonial in the Monthon Payap that resulted in the Siamese government centralizing its

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āļšāļēāđ€āļāļĩāļĒāļ§ āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļģāļ™āļķāļāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāđƒāļ™āļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ

āļ™āļĪāļĄāļĨ āļāļĨāđ‰āļēāļ—āļļāļāļ§āļąāļ™, Naruemon Klatookwan, āļˆāļļāļŽāļēāļžāļĢ āđ€āļ­āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļĢāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļĨ, Julaporn Euarukskul (2022)

recovery as the present-day center of Luzon. Amid ongoing enthusiastic debates about colonial consciousness and historical status of colonial rulers in Philippine history studies, an Americaninfluence has been embedded in Baguio City through landscape..., places,narratives, and memories. Presently, a nostalgic fantasy of the golden age under American rule and colonial aesthetics is still what defines the city by its people, including local intellectuals.

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āļ‹āļąāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļĒāđŒ: āļŠāļēāļ§āļˆāļĩāļ™āđ‚āļžāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļ°āđ€āļĨāđƒāļ™āļŸāļīāļĨāļīāļ›āļ›āļīāļ™āļŠāđŒāļĒāļļāļ„āļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļŠāđ€āļ›āļ™ (āļ„āļĢāļīāļŠāļ•āđŒāļĻāļ•āļ§āļĢāļĢāļĐāļ—āļĩāđˆ 16-17)

āđ€āļ›āļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄāļĻāļąāļāļ”āļīāđŒ āļŦāļ‡āļŠāđŒāļˆāļģāļĢāļąāļŠāļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āđŒ, Hongjamrassilp, Piemsak (2022)

This article aims to study the roles of the Sangleyes, overseas Chinese who travelled to commerce and reside in the Spanish colonial Philippine during the 16th and 17th centuries. This study also focuses on the adaptive capacity of Spanish colonial... consequence of transnational encounters between the Spanish authorities and the Sangleyes such as limitation of living space, creation of special official positions and formulation of colonial fiscal policy.

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Early French Colonial Education in Hanoi, 1904- 19301

Banjop Wongsupan, Chanchai Khongphianthum, āļŠāļēāļāļŠāļąāļĒ āļ„āļ‡āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļĢāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄ (2017)

During the early French colonization of Hanoi, the Vietnamese societies and cultures of this capital were extremely transformed and evidently assimilated to the European material and mental cultures, especially by means of French colonial education.... Many questions have been raised: what are the French colonial educational policies in Vietnam?

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āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļŠāļīāļšāļŠāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđāļšāļšāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄ

āļ§āļīāļĻāļĢāļļāļ• āļžāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ™āļ—āļĢ, Visarut Phungsoondara, āļāļĢāļžāļ™āļąāļŠ āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒ, Kornphanat Tungkeunkunt (2019)

to the colonial cities during the tours of Singapore, Java and India in 1870 and 1871. The royal ceremonies are presented as festivities of diversity and consolidation of cultures and religions along with the image of a social order. This in turn reflects a... particular image of social and cultural order of colonial cities under colonial administration at the time. This article also argues that the historical experience of colonial social world was masked within the accounts of royal ceremonies explicated

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āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļœāļ”āļļāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļĢāļ āđŒāđƒāļ™āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2439 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 2478: āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļąāļ™āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāđƒāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļšāļ—āļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄ

Pavinee Bunnag, āļ•āļēāļĄāđ„āļ— āļ”āļīāļĨāļāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļĢāļąāļ•āļ™āđŒ, Tamthai Dilokvidhyarat (2021)

The study “History of Nursing and Midwifery in Siam from 1896 to 1935: the Colonial Context of Modernization,” aims to study history of nursing and midwifery in Siam during the modernizing period within the colonial context. The study shows: 1