การแปลภาษาอังกฤษ

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บทความวิจัยด้านประเด็นเชิงภาษาศาสตร์ในการแปล ทฤษฎีการแปล การแปลตัวบทเฉพาะด้าน การแปลวรรณกรรม การล่าม

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A Collaborative Translation Effort Producing Subtitles for a HAS Center Video
Wongseree, Thandao; Dumrongsiri, Nuchada (Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 2021)
The current study explores a collaboration between translators and the use of technology in the production of subtitles for a HAS Center video. It elaborates on the interrelationship between the roles of the translators and of the technology within a subtitling process. This type of partnership has not been fully analysed in the literature, especially within a Thai context. To achieve its goal, this study takes a sociological approach to explore how translators work together to translate subtitles from English into Thai in a digitally-mediated environment. The ethnographic data were analysed based on a framework combining the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as proposed by Latour in 1987 and 2005 with the concept of habitus proposed by Bourdieu in 1977 and 1990. The findings suggest that translators form equal partnerships and reach mutual agreement based on their close interactions and past experience while collectively producing the subtitles. They also make the best use of technology, including networked platforms and facilitating tools, while performing the task. These interrelationships lead to effective teamwork in the production of subtitles, giving rise to a collaborative translation practice.
A Study of Ellipted Subjects Translation Strategies: A Case Study of Thai EFL Learners in an Introductory Translation Course
Nitirungrueang, Natchanan; Crabtree, R. Michael; Keyuravong, Sonthida; Bunsom, Thanis (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2016)
The primary purpose of the study is to examine how Thai EFL learners translate ellipted subjects in a Thai news article to English and to explore whether there is any significant relationship between the skills of writing and reading in English and translation proficiency. The participants of the study include eighteen Thai freshmen from different intended majors in the Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University. The data used in this research are a test on Thai to English news article translation taken individually by the students during a translation course. Their writing and reading scores from their previous English course are also used to compare their writing and reading skills with their Thai to English translation proficiency. The results revealed that the most frequently adopted strategy for translating omitted Thai subjects among the students was the use of personal pronouns after separating long complex sentences into short simpler ones, followed by the use of conjunctions, preparatory it, and structural transformation. The use of participles and the relative pronoun “who” were the least frequently adopted strategies. Furthermore, there exists a significant relationship between reading in English and translating from Thai to English, but not between writing in English and Thai to English translation. Implications for classroom practices and further research are also discussed.
A Study of Translation of Relative Clauses from English into Thai
Leenakitti, Nattharath; Pongpairoj, Nattama (Research Department, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute, 2019)
This research investigated translation strategies used in translating English relative clauses with the relativizers ‗who,‘ ‗which,‘ and ‗that‘ into Thai. The data comprised 348 sentence pairs from two English novels and their Thai translations. It was hypothesized that the adopted translation strategies could be divided into two groups: literal translation with a relativizer and translation adjustment. To analyze the data, a framework for the analysis was constructed based on Chesterman‘s (1997) translation strategies, supported by Nida‘s (1964) and Saibua‘s (2007) translation adjustment techniques. The findings confirmed that the two main strategies used in translating the English relative clauses into Thai are literal translation and translation adjustment. Regarding literal translation, four Thai relativizers were found: /tʰ /, /s ŋ/, /pʰ /, and /pʰ s ŋ/. While literal translation suggested parallel syntactic structures between the English and Thai relative clauses, translation adjustment underscored distinctions between the two languages. The findings indicated three types of translation adjustment, i.e. Adjustments 1, 2, and 3, according to the degree of adjustment. The findings confirm the hypothesis and have implications for the study of the relative clause structure and its translation strategies.
An Analysis of Cultural Substitution in English to Thai Translation
Pokasamrit, Patcharee; Lertcharnrit, Thanik (Silpakorn University Research, Innovation and Creativity Administration Office, 2013)
Cultural substitution refers to the translation of some known or unknown concepts in the source language by using the substitution from the culture of the receptor language rather than by other available means of meaning equivalence. For examples, a black sheep is translated into literal Thai as a cub outside a pen rather than a person with different and unacceptable characters, and a corner stone is translated as a supreme pole, rather than an indispensable and fundamental basis. This study analyzes cultural substitution in English to Thai translation in order to document its types, linguistic patterns, and cultural significance; and to find and draw conclusions as to the translators’ opinion of this technique. In the first part of the study, culturally substituted items were randomly collected from 1000 pages of different types of English to Thai translated works which were published during B.E. 2542 (1997) to B.E. 2552 (2007). These data were then classified and listed according to their generic types and presented in categorized tables with their linguistic and cultural comments as findings. In the second part, 12 translators whose works have been published during the past 10 years were asked to fill in questionnaires and interviewed on their opinions on cultural substitute translation technique. The conclusions of the opinions are provided, and the recommendations for the use of the findings and for further research are offered.
Analysing the Thai to English Translations of Tourism Discursive Elements in the Tourism Authority of Thailand’s English Webpages
Chueasuai, Pasakara (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2022)
With its tourism industry becoming the main source of income of the country, Thailand has put an emphasis on promoting tourist destinations to foreign tourists via different channels including online resources. The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), a state agency in charge of tourism promotion, provides useful information of attractions in Thai and other languages on their webpages. This paper attempts to analyse the tourism discursive elements as posited by Durán Muñoz (2012) and Dann (1996) in the English version of the TAT webpages on Bangkok and to analyse how these components are translated. The study found few uses of the tourism language characteristic in the translated version as the result of the moderate uses of these constituents and the exclusion of certain Thai texts in the translation. The investigation also found that these linguistic tools are both literally translated and adapted. While the original meaning is preserved by literal translation, adaptation tends to heighten the tourism discourse quality in the translated text yet alters the original meaning.
Dealing with Cognitive Saturation in the English to Thai Simultaneous Interpreting of Quantity Numbers
Chanprapun, Sasee (Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 2018)
Simultaneous interpreting is a task requiring high degrees of concentration and use of effort. It has been postulated that the three efforts involved in simultaneous interpreting are listening and analysis, use of short term memory, and speech production. The interpreter must manage these three efforts in a way that the simultaneous use of the efforts does not exceed his cognitive saturation level, after which his attempts to produce a good interpretation will fail. Additionally, it has been suggested that message density is a possible problem trigger in simultaneous interpreting while another probable cause for failure may be the absence of immediate lexical equivalents in the source and target languages. In the English to Thai simultaneous interpreting context, quantity numbers(sums) are known to be a problem trigger because they are dense in meaning and because certain magnitude numbers cannot be interpreted by mere replacement of a word in the source language with its pair in the target language, but require an additional analytical step. This paper will provide a detailed analysis of the above issues, suggest the use a technique/tool as a possible solution, and discuss the initial findings of a research on the use of mixed method note-taking among beginner level interpreting students. Research findings showed improvement in the subjects’ ability to simultaneously interpret sums from English to Thai after employing the mixed method note-taking for the interpreting of quantity numbers.
Google Translate and Translation Quality: A Case of Translating Academic Abstracts from Thai to English
Tongpoon-Patanasorn, Angkana; Griffith, Karl (Research Department, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute, 2020)
Machine translation (MT), especially Google Translate (GT), is widely used by language learners and those who need help with translation. MT research, particularly that which examines the quality and usability of the translation produced by the MT, only makes up a handful of studies. Moreover, only a few of them have looked at translation quality and problems of translated texts from the user‘s first language to a second language, and none has been conducted to examine translations produced by the updated system of GT (i.e., the Neural Machine Translation System). The purposes of this study are to examine the quality of abstracts translated from Thai, the user‘s first language, to English, the target language, using GT by evaluating their comprehensibility and usability levels and to examine frequent error types. Fifty-four abstracts were selected from academic journals in eight disciplines of Humanities and Social Sciences. They were rated by two experts using coding schemes. The results revealed overall comprehensibility and usability were both at a moderate level. That means the quality of the abstracts translated by GT may not meet the language requirements needed for academic writing. The most frequent errors produced by GT were those of capitalization, punctuation, and fragmentation.
Grammatical Cohesion in the English to Arabic Translation of Political Texts
Lulu, Reem Adib (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2015)
Cohesive markers link sentences together in text and make the whole text united and meaningful. While translating from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), the translator may not translate all of the cohesive markers or may incorrectly translate them which affects the communicative meaning of the SL. Thus, many studies have analyzed different texts in different languages by using one of the translation theories to find a better strategy of translating such cohesive markers. This study makes use of Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) model of cohesion to identify cohesive markers used in Arabic and English texts, and it focuses on references as cohesive markers. The source English texts are taken from the online editions of The New York Times and The Washington Post, while their translated Arabic versions are taken from the online Arabic newspaper, Asharq Al-Awsat. The study also adopts Nida’s (1964) translation techniques to identify the translation techniques which are used to translate English grammatical cohesive markers into Arabic. Two techniques of Nida are found in the analysis: alteration and subtraction. One new technique is also found in this study, namely sustaining. By identifying the translation techniques used in translating the cohesive markers, translators and linguists will be aware of these techniques.
Investigating the Use of Google Translate in “Terms and Conditions” in an Airline’s Official Website: Errors and Implications
Vidhayasai, Tya; Keyuravong, Sonthida; Bunsom, Thanis (Research Department, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute, 2015)
In the era of globalization, the Internet is regarded as one of the most popular sources of information given the number of on-line browsers who have access to websites. The tourism industry, be it hotels or airlines, in the 21st century relies heavily on the provision of information via its official websites. Thus, it is crucial that the information be accurate so as not to cause misunderstanding, or legal and financial damage. However, when information in several foreign languages involves a complicated process of translation conducted with a translation machine, serious problems can occur. According to Newmark (1998), human translation occurs at two levels: semantic equivalence and communicative equivalence. The reliance on a translation tool such as Google Translate is therefore worth our attention to find out whether such a tool is efficient and practical. In this study, we investigate a low-cost airline’s official website deploying Google Translate to translate its official, legal documents. Our particular focus lies in “Terms and Conditions” because of its crucial impact on the airline and its passengers. Findings suggest that errors occur at three major levels: lexical, syntactical and discursive. The errors inevitably cause unintelligibility, to which we provide explanations and also offer some practical implications for future use.
Relationship between speakers and addressees in terms of address translation through foreignization and domestication approaches
Konthong, Nathawadee (Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), 2012)
This paper studies the translation of terms of address from Thai into English through the foreignization and domestication approaches, focusing on the relationship between speakers and addressees that create address term usage in the Source Language (SL) and the translation of those terms in the Target Language (TL). The novels in the study are Si Phaendin and Lai Chewit and their translated versions Four Reigns and Many Lives. The study employs Kalaya Tingsabadh, M.R. and Amara Prasithrathsint’s (1986) classification of relationships between speakers and addressees in terms of address usage in Thai and Venuti’s (2008) notion of foreignization and domestication. The novels were translated by a Thai and a foreigner respectively and the researcher has conducted a comparative study of the translation by the Thai and the non-Thai quantitatively and qualitatively
Strategies for Sexual-Language Translation in British Television Series: Sex Education
Permpoon, Suttipong; Kaewkwan, Adithep (Research and Development institute, Suan Dusit University, 2022)
The research examined translation strategies from English to Thai of sexual language in British TV series’ subtitles: Sex Education (2019). The data was collected from all 8 episodes of Netflix’s Sex Education’s season 1. It focuses primarily on the exploration of the strategies used to deal with non- equivalent translation at the word level. The research recognized translation strategies from English into Thai based on Mona Baker’s framework (Baker, 2018) and employed qualitative methods to filter and analyse the data. The results revealed that the most frequently used strategy was the translation by using loan words (36.20%), followed by translation by a more neutral/less expressive word (27.62%), translation by cultural substitution (19.04%), translation by paraphrase using a related word (6.66%), translation by paraphrase using unrelated words (4.76%), translation by omission (2.86%) and translation by a more general word (2.86%), respectively. However, translation by illustration was not found in this research. The discussions also present insights regarding the use of sexual language in different contexts and suggestions on how and when to use it. The research provides a major contribution to translators who are interested in sex-related language translation, and it is also beneficial for Thai people and others enjoying watching the Sex Education series and need to rely on the subtitles translated from English into Thai.
Towards the Study of Political Text and Translation in Thailand: A Case Study of Thai Translations of Biden’s Inaugural Address
Phanthaphoommee, Narongdej (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2022)
The existing literature concerning the translation of political discourse in Thailand remains limited. To encourage more research in this area, this paper proposes a model for analysing the translation of political texts in the Thai context. Drawing upon Munday’s (2012, 2018) appraisal approach to translation and Schäffner’s (2004, 2012) analysis of the political context around translation, this paper offers a two-level methodology for investigating the Thai-English and English-Thai translation of political texts. The case of US President Biden’s 2021 inaugural address was chosen for testing the model. The findings reveal that the two Thai news agencies translated only some parts of the speech, resulting in a selective re-presentation of Biden’s political discourse. The ideological presentations of the two Thai versions are strikingly different: one representing a faithful portrayal of the original standpoint and the other with a stronger attitude in numerous ideology-laden terms. This paper also discusses the epitextual and contextual elements of the translations in question.
Translating Innocence: A Case Study of English-Thai Translations of John Boyne’s The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas and Emma Donoghue’s Room
Tangtorrith, Nipaporn; Rattanamathuwong, Bancha (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2021)
This article discusses the English-to-Thai translations of two contemporary novels: Room by Emma Donoghue and The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne. These two selected texts present some linguistic challenges to the translators because of the narrations which are meant to reveal the innocent perspectives of young children. Since the main characters in both stories are too young to fully comprehend the adverse situations they are faced with, the language used in the narratives concomitantly exhibits linguistic peculiarities highlighting the discrepancy between the reality and the characters’ viewpoints. What merits a close examination is how such peculiarities are transposed to the translated versions. Do the Thai translations of both novels successfully convey the innocence of the protagonists embodied in the language of the source texts? In addressing these questions, our discussion will incorporate the concept of equivalence in tandem with verbal incongruity to analyze the transferal of meanings from the source texts to the translated texts in the target language.
Translation Errors Made by Thai University Students: A Study on Types and Causes
Duklim, Bunyarat (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2022)
The research investigates probable causes of translation errors by examining types of Thai-to-English and English-to-Thai translation errors and determining the most common translation errors. The participants of this study were 32 English for Communication students at a Thai University. The data used in this study was obtained from exercises and examinations of students. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis and sorted by frequency and percentage. The results obtained found that syntactic errors (65%) were the most frequent translation errors, followed by semantic errors (24.6%) and miscellaneous errors (10.4%), respectively. The causes of errors and translation problems were determined through interviews and stimulated recall. Translation procedures, low self-confidence, carelessness, and anxiety were the main causes of errors found. This study recommends that additional class time be provided to address all errors found. Moreover, group work and the implementation of authentic translation is proposed to increase self-confidence and decrease anxiety. It is hoped that this study results can improve translation teaching and the course “Translation from Thai into English” in Thailand.
Translation of Thai Culture-Specific Words Into English in Digital Environment: Translators’ Strategies and Use of Technology
Wongseree, Thandao (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2021)
The present research investigates how translators deal with the challenges of translating culture-specific words from Thai into English within a digital environment. Using strategies suggested by Baker (2018), the study collected data from surveys, written sources and observations to examine which approaches are used by translators. It also addresses how technology impacts the decision making of translators as they create translations employing both Bourdieu’s concept of habitus (1977, 1990) and the Actor-Network Theory proposed by Latour (1987, 2005). The findings show that translators use eight primary strategies when translating culture-specific words, with the use of loan words being the most common and literal translation the least used. The habitus of translators possibly influences their translation choices, with technology playing a crucial role in determining which solutions and strategies translators choose. This proves the extent to which technology currently influences translators in the completion of translation tasks in digital environments. Consideration of these factors should be considered as a way to improve translation training in a Thai context.
‘Welcome to the Business of Living’, a Translation of Lexical Metaphor on a Company Website: A Case of Emirates Airline
Chueasuai, Pasakara (School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 2021)
Lexical metaphor functions as a rhetorical device that embellishes the texts with figurative meanings. In non-literary texts such as commercial texts on company websites, lexical metaphor can help to promote the company image and sales. It is vital in the service sector such as the airline industry where the competition is sky-high. This paper attempts to identify the lexical metaphor appearing on the English and Thai websites of Emirates Airline following Dickins’ (2005) classification of lexicalized and non-lexicalised metaphors. The study also explores how the lexical metaphors are rendered into Thai by means of literal translation and adaptation. It is found that more lexicalised metaphors are identified in comparison with the non-lexicalised type. As for the types of translation, literal translation plays more part in retaining while adaptation tends to remove the original metaphorical form and meaning in the translated version.
การแปลเชิงกฎหมาย กรณีศึกษาวิเคราะห์การใช้คำว่า Shall ในฉบับแปลภาษาอังกฤษ ของรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พ.ศ. 2550
วรรธนะ สุขศิริปกรณ์ชัย; Suksiripakonchai, Watthana (Research and Development institute, Suan Dusit University, 2018)
General translation is a complicated language process. It poses the difficulty of changing a text of the source language into the target language. The ultimate goal of it is to create the same effect of the source text on the target text. Legal translation imposes even more complexities of translating due to the nature of the law and its contingency upon a specific culture and language. This research explored the use of the English modal auxiliary verb ‘shall’ in the translated versions of the Thai Constitution B.E. 2550. It was based on the dynamic equivalence concept of Eugene Nida. The research findings demonstrated the problematic use of ‘shall’ and how inappropriate use of it provided attributes to assist translators in better understanding of legal translation.
ปัญหาการแปลภาษาอังกฤษเป็นภาษาไทย กรณีศึกษานิสิตสาขาวิชาภาษาอังกฤษธุรกิจ
รองศาสตราจารย์ ดร.วัชรินทร์ อินทพรหม (คณะมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏพระนคร, 2022)
การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัญหาการแปลภาษาอังกฤษเป็นภาษาไทยของนิสิตชั้นปีที่ 3 และ 4 สาขาวิชาภาษาอังกฤษธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยรัตนบัณฑิตจำนวน 67 คน ผู้วิจัยเก็บข้อมูลโดยให้นิสิตแปลบทความภาษาอังกฤษเป็นภาษาไทยจำนวน 11 ประโยค นำมาวิเคราะห์และนำเสนอข้อมูลด้วยค่าความถี่และร้อยละ ผลการศึกษาพบว่านิสิตมีแนวโน้มการแปลผิดในระดับคำมากกว่าระดับประโยค โดยพบข้อผิดพลาดที่นิสิตแปลผิดในระดับคำมากที่สุด 3 อันดับแรก ได้แก่ การใช้คำที่ไม่เหมาะสมกับบริบท (ร้อยละ 51.31) การใช้คำซ้ำและฟุ่มเฟือย (ร้อยละ 12.91) และการเลือกความหมายผิด (ร้อยละ 9.15) สำหรับข้อผิดพลาดที่นิสิตแปลผิดในระดับประโยคมากที่สุด 3 อันดับแรก ได้แก่ การใช้คำเชื่อมโยงความไม่เหมาะสม (ร้อยละ 40.41) การปรับรูปกรรตุวาจกและกรรมวาจก (ร้อยละ 32.27) และการใช้ความหมายคลุมเครือ (ร้อยละ 15.70)
ปัญหํากํารแปลบันเทิงคดีภําษําอังกฤษเป็นภําษําไทย กรณีศึกษําเรื่อง Ladyboy the Secret World of Thailand’s Third Gender
เหมพัสสิริ หว่างพัน; Whangphan, Hemmaphatsiri (Research and Development institute, Suan Dusit University, 2018)
วรรณกรรม (literature) คืองานเขียนที่สามารถเขียนได้ทั้งร้อยแก้ว (poetry) และร้อยกรอง (prose)มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อให้ความรู้ ประสบการณ์ ความเพลิดเพลิน และความสนุกสนานแก่ผู้อ่าน ซึ่งแต่ละประเทศมีวรรณกรรมเป็นของตนเอง วรรณกรรมที่ได้รับการยอมรับมักแปล และเผยแพร่เป็นภาษาต่างประเทศหลายภาษา ด้วยเหตุนี้การแปล (translation) จึงมีบทบาทสำคัญทำให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจงานวรรณกรรมภาษาต่างประเทศได้ง่ายขึ้น เพราะการแปลเปรียบเสมือนสะพานในการถ่ายทอดวรรณกรรมนั้น ๆ จากภาษาต้นทาง (source language) ไปสู่ภาษาปลายทาง (target language) เป็นการสะท้อนความพยายามของมนุษย์ให้เข้าใจและรับรู้ตัวบท (text) ของภาษาต้นทางจึงปฏิเสธไม่ได้ว่ากว่าที่นักแปล (translator) จะได้ผลงานแปลที่ดีออกมาได้นั้น ย่อมมีปัญหาระหว่างการแปลเสมอ เพราะการแปลที่ดีไม่เพียงแค่แปลภาษาหนึ่งไปเป็นอีกภาษาหนึ่ง แต่ยังต้องคำนึงถึงการรักษาสำนวน (Idiom) ลีลา (style) ทัศนคติ (attitude) สุนทรียะ (aesthetic) ของผู้เขียนให้เหมาะสมสำหรับต่อเผยแพร่สู่สาธารณะ และนำเสนอในรูปแบบที่เทียบเคียง (equivalence) กับภาษาต้นฉบับให้มากที่สุด

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